Developing technologies 




The way that TV has changed across the years has been nothing short of incredible the amount of platforms that are now easily accesible to watch films are endless like for example social media sites such as netflix project  the films to people all around the word for a subscription fee. the film industry has massively changed  over the years in terms of the quality of them with the resolution of the being shot being upped across the years  with some films posing off a 4 to 5 k resolution now a massive up in standard compared to say a decade ago.


Interactive


The way that the technology has changed across the years has been very drastic within the interactive business for example the graphics. The graphics on video games consoles such as the Sega mega drive and the original PlayStation are miles behind the consoles that are out and in production today. The way that the technology has developed is widely due to online gaming taking over which wasn't possible within the years of the original PlayStation. Nowadays we are blessed with the best of its kind within our gaming console market ,for example the Xbox one has a wide range of applications available to your disposal meaning that with the click of a button it would be possible to make the device turn into a music player or  a competent television system. With the original gaming consoles you were restricted to below par graphics and being joined to your controller constantly the way that the technology has developed has paved the way for things like the Nintendo Wii to allow different elements of gaming. Back to the release of the original PlayStation  it would have almost been impossible to imagine using a gaming console to use for exercise like the Nintendo Wii managed with interactive games such as Wii fit and Wii sport. The graphics have came a long way and now allow you to be able to see your games in a stunning resolution that would of seemed impossible in the days of the original PlayStation and Xbox days.






On demand viewing




The whole aspect of on demand viewing has virtually revolutionized the way that consumers are now able to watch TV like say for example back in the days before on demand viewing if you missed your favorite TV show that was scheduled for a certain time then you would have to rely on the likes of a weekly omnibus of the show or look out for when the repeat would be aired again. Nowadays their is no limit for the consumer if you know that you wont be able to watch a certain TV show at the scheduled time you are now able to press the record button and your programme will be there for you to watch whenever it suits you. If you don't have the package where you are able to record shows it is also possible for you to catch up on shows via using free apps such as 4 on demand and BBC Iplayer to catch up on the shows free of charge whenever you like if they are on that website. The whole aspect of on demand viewing puts you the consumer in control of what you want to watch and when you want to watch it at your own convenience.




Pay per view


The aspect of pay per view has came a long way since it first originated it originally only allowed a pay per view for say a big event that was on so say for example a big box office boxing fight. Nowadays pay per view is available on all platforms so  When looking to watch a film  that has just came out on sky box office it would be possible to order it through your package and order it outright. Another way that it is possible to pay per view would be applications such as Netflix that allow a monthly subscription fee that you need to pay before having access to the whole movies and TV shows that Netflix has to offer on their application. Netflix is really helpful due to the fact that back in the days before the internet really took the world by storm if you had a favorite season that you loved watching once a week but you missed an episode Netflix allows the opportunity to catch up with ease if it is aired on their site. Pay per view has also developed with the involvement of now being able to order these events that are pay per view such as the boxing in an ultra HD giving a better experience that once wasn't on offer.

Adams last assignment

Table of contents

1) Introduction

2)Overview

3) Main report

4) conclusion

Introduction

For this assignment I will be reviewing the film Captain America The winter soldier and identifying the key competitors for the film and provide an overview on the way that the comps faired in their venture and give an idea of what to expect upon release

Overview

Captain America the winter soldier is a film produced by the Russo brothers Anthony and Joe and is a follow up to the first captain America film. The standout cast members include Scarlett Johansson Chris Evans and Anthony Mackie just to name a few    

Main report

Primary research


For the Film captain America the winter soldier their will need to be a great deal of primary research put in to be certain that the film can be as successful as possible. Methods of primary research that I would carry out upon the release of the film would be questionnaires this would be a very good way of gathering the information on peoples preferences and if they would like to see these movies. When filling out a questionnaire it is of high integrity that the questionnaires were handed out to neutral parties so that the results weren't to one side and  would give a lot more of a fair reflection on the findings. Other ways of primary research could be delving into the franchise of captain America and looking through the past film productions and seeing how the predecessors faired so that it allows you to capitalize on the things that were missed out on and to integrate these ideas into effect. Finally another form of primary research that could be carried out would be an internet forum vote that would give the fans the opportunity to  vote if they wanted to see a follow up to the franchise similar to the way that Xbox one allowed fans to vote on backwards compatibility games they wanted to see back the most. If the internet forum received enough attention and seemed worthwhile to produce then that would be the moment where the film would be able to be put into motion if the funding etc was there


Secondary research


When carrying out the secondary research it would be essential to looks at comps almost instantly and how they faired in their ventures to give a good indication of what to expect and what to strive for . For the film Captain America the winter soldier the immediate completion to look at would be other rivaling superhero films from similar franchises such as superhero films. Ways to monitor how the comps done via secondary research would be to look at box office figures and check them against the previous captain America films figures and check the similarities between the two  for example the iron man 3 film would be a direct comp for captain America the winter soldier. For captain America it would have a lot to live up to in relation to Iron Man 3 with this film boasting a 1.215 billion pound earnings on the box office figures giving it a massive reputation. To be able to replicate Iron mans success captain America would need to go to internet forums to pick up more information and to develop their ideology to be able resignate more with the audience  so for example asking more challenging and in detail questions of what the audience truly wants to see and feel from the film so that it reaches out to each member of the audience.

Market research
Before releasing a film it is very important to take note of the direct competition straight away once a comp has been identified it allows the film that you are focusing on the chance to know what it's up against and allows members of the team to analyze the comps pros and cons to outshine this and to be the best it can be. Captain America the winter soldier is a film that fits into the market of the superhero genre meaning that it will have a variety of films within that market to compete against.

Audience research


Before releasing a film it is of the utmost integrity that the audience for the film has been pinpointed so that it is made easier to provide an interest into the film by pitching to the right target audience. By having the right target audience it makes it a lot easier to design certain specifics for the movie such as the movie trailer. For a movie the movie trailer is usually the thing that manages to give a massive hype for the actual release so if you have a good idea of  what audience that you are targeting then it allows you to really home in on your target audience and produce a trailer that is going to provide a massive hype for that audience. By finding out what type of media your audience consumes allows you to be able to narrow down their primary interests and to integrate them into the film.


Production research


When planning a film out it is very important that the production side of the project has been carefully revised over in order to make sure that all things run  smoothly. For a big budget film it is extremely important that the budget itself is managed and controlled accordingly. For example maxing out the budget on high payed actors and extremely good visual effects will then leave other important parts of the movie out of proportion in terms of the money so it is very important that the money is managed and balanced correctly. For a massive budget film it would be necessary to hire an accountant to be able to keep updates on where every penny of the money is going and ensuring that the budget isn't drained dry. Production covers a lot of areas meaning that the budget would have to pay out for locations needed to actually shoot the film on. For Captain America the winter soldier their would need to be a lot of locations for filming meaning that this would need to be weighed up and tied down before setting the wheels in motion and actually rolling out the cameras. Before a film has been made it is important that the distribution route has already been thought out for example upon release cinemas such as showcase and cineworld jump on board with the project. Some films are aimed to go out straight to DVD or to Netflix nowadays so if that was the case for this film that would need to be highlighted early on other wise paying companies such as cineworld to show trailers before release and to then play the film when released would be a massive stepping stone.


Market research


When looking to release a film it is important to identify the genre of it and to look at potential comps for this movie. For Captain America the winter soldier the main comps would include all superhero films based off of comics such as Iron Man 3. When looking for a date to actually release the film it would be important to take into consideration  What else is looking to be released at this time so that you know what you are going to be up against and whether or not to go toe to toe with a main competitor. This film will be released to all the main stream media distributors such as cineworld showcase and other cinemas upon release  meaning that this will get a lot of coverage from within that environment. Once the target audience is identified it gives a clearer view on what to aim for. If another superhero film was being shown at the time of a trailer being available it would mean that this would be shown to the audience before the original film they are going to see because the  audience are highly likely to have an interest in this film also. If past superhero movies are a good benchmark to go from superhero films seem to tend very impressively in the market take Iron man 3 for example that grossed over 1.2 billion meaning there is clearly a high demand in this area.


Interpreting results
 In conclusion it is apparent that great detail goes into producing and releasing a successful film and in order to make sure that  it is successful all of these areas written above need to be taken seriously and followed accordingly. Many components go into all aspects of the film and are all of equal importance.

what is the privacy law ( human rights law )

Within the world we live in today it is extremely easy for people to access information via the technology that we possess so this act is put in place in order to put a clear block on invading peoples privacy and their human rights. This act covers all aspects from medical information that is expected to be confidential to financial situations. This act supports the human rights so these documents are not allowed to be leaked within the public domain and if they are it would be seen as a breach. this law gives everyone within society the option to  make their own decisions regarding their own intimate issues . With this act put into place it means that the government wouldn't be able to violate somebody's privacy unless they had compelling evidence to do so such as if the actions this individual was suspected of criminal activity that could put the public in danger. the privacy law also protects many other. Their has been occasions were  breaches of this act have been reported such as the news of the world scandal within the mainstream media such as when the news of the world were put under scrutiny for their dealings with phone hacking of famous people which is a massive  invasion of privacy and landed them into a lot of trouble resulting in the newspaper being discontinued and people from the heirachy  going through trials and tribulations within the public eye.


What is the Copyright and intellectual property act
Within the media sector this act can be absolutely integral to protecting pieces of work by individuals for example this act really helps support music artists and script writers. This act ensures that original pieces of work can be copyrighted which means that they are protected incase people try and use their ideas and pass them off as their own they are then able to sue. Within the television and film industry the copyrighting act makes sure that the creators ideas are kept safe from people passing the idea off as their own like for example if a  well known scriptwriter came up with an idea for a  new show and then his computer was hacked and his content was taken and someone tried to pass it off as their own if it was copyright listed the scriptwriter would be able to sue and their ideas would be protected. An example of copyright within the media industry would be when the film the hangover 2 the design of the tattoo on the side of the face that was made especially for mike tyson was used in the film and the maker of the tattoo design went on to sue the hangover for the infringement they made.


Contracts

In the media industry it is very important to use contracts  this ensures that the confidentiality and rights of everyone is protected. When on set all actors are signed up to contracts which cover them legally. Their are many contracts within the  media industry some of these are listed below

A fixed term contract is a contract that is only scheduled for  certain amount of time and after that both parties will part ways. For example the actors on a certain TV or film set will only be required for a certain amount of time on set so this is where a fixed term contract will come in requiring the actor to only stay a certain amount of time.

For hourly rates this would mean that the employee would be paid on an hourly basis an example of  this in the TV and film industry would be people such as camera men, rigger, runners  and editors etc who would be paid hourly on the basis of when they are required.An irregular work pattern is where an employee is given hours that are after the usual 9 to 5 day job hours . For example actors could be required to work late hours due to the nature of the scene and the conditions that the scene needs. Another example would be runners could be required to work night shifts to deliver tapes to other companies at any given hour due to pjroduction companies being open all hours of the day.Piece work is where an employee is paid on the basis of the piece of work that they are required to carry out for the company. For example somebody in the TV and film industry  that would be required to do piece work could be an artist that is designing a poster for the film the people designing this would be paid based  on the completion of this specific piece of works completion.Shift work is where employees are given certain shifts that are regular such as a 9 till 5 to carry out job roles that fall into this field would be editors and runners. A runner would be working on a shift basis and would be contracted to a certain amount of hours.  Freelancing means a self employed individual and example of this within the TV and film industry could be a graphic designer for instance the TV or film company could reach out to the graphic designer and ask if they could  require their services for a certain period of time to produce  a piece of work such as a snappy film poster to catch the attention of the public.

Ethical 

Within the media industry it is very important to have a strict code of practice put into place to ensure that all members on set are doing exactly what they are supposed to do and  are not breaking any rules. To ensure that the workers are safe their is many rules put into pace and made apparent to the workers from the get go. The rules are very important  because on certain sets comes its own certain dangers that people need to be very cautious of. Within the  film industry their has been many occasions when the ethical laws have been breached like for example on the set of the film midnight rider  their wasn't  a great deal of planning and precaution went into sa certain scene which consequently claimed a young women's life on set. For the scene it was required that the cast members had 60 seconds to escape from an oncoming train coming at  them unbeknownst that the low budget film was taking place right on the tracks. This wasn't authorized and therefore the people in charge of the production were in fact neglecting the cast member. From this tragedy of a young women losing her life it proves more so the importance on the codes of practice being carried out properly to avoid such a grotesque ending..

the purpose of editing

Editing is absolutely  integral to the development of a movie and to engage with the audience in a certain manor. When editing is done to a very high standard it has the ability to be able to bring the audience closer and give a real connection. Without the use of editing it would be impossible for films to transaction properly because the clips wouldn't be able to be cut up properly. The editing process is prominent within the pre production stage as this is when the film is being worked on to become the final product with the  editing having a massive impact on the end product. The role of an editor is to be able to edit the footage that they have received from the cameramen and be able to piece it all together into a film so that it is fully understandable for the viewer and it is pieced together. there is a massive difference between certain shots which means when the editor sits down to begin the cutting process they will analyse the type of scene it is and then start cutting the shots accordingly. For example if the shots are set in a horror style situation the editor may choose to slow  down the clips and then gradually build up the speed to create a sense of tension and create worry into the audience as everything suddenly changes quickly. The way that the music sounds in the background sounds can really turn a scene on its head for example if the scene is intending on promoting sadness then it would be detrimental to scene to use upbeat music so its very important that they  are aware of what will give the scene the best vibe.

Conventions of editing


Within the film industry their are many ways that a film can be shot and filmed that can give it a certain feel  that the editor is trying to portray. Their is in an unwritten rule in the industry known as the 180 degree rule this  is a very important rule in this line of work and is very rarely gone against. The 180 degree rule is absolutely vital when their is dialogue between two characters being exchanged. This rule is focused on an imaginary line that has the effect of an axis that connects both the characters. When this is performed it makes it a lot easier for the audience to engage with what's happening on the screen and the movement that is taking place. Another aspect of editing that has a massive importance when filming is continuity editing in this stage it is making sure that the once the scene comes to an end the next scene transitions smoothly and has a relevance to the previous so that the continuity of the scene carries on in a professional manor. The reason that continuity editing is such a primary feature within the industry is because without it the scenes would cut and it would leave the viewers baffled if it bared very little relevance to that last scene.  Another editing technique that really captures the imagination of the audience is jump cuts this is when a shot possesses two shots of the same subject from different angles  that can then allow them to be cut together quickly to give a good effect. This is also very helpful because in some circumstances it means that they can move straight onto the next clip and gives a good alternative to having to pan the camera.

Development of video editing
The film industry has changed massively since the development of editing.In the beginning of the filming era it was unknown that editing was possible back then so these films were carried out on a one shot basis. The film industry has came a long way since the beginning with their being millions of pounds worth of tech equipment being used to help achieve the perfect shots and  produce high quality work. One of the first films to show glimpses of editing was a film produced in 1903 called life of  a fireman this film shows the sequence of a fireman saving a women who was trapped in a burning building firstly the camera is showing them inside the building then it shows a shot of outside the building this is known as different points of view editing. Nowadays their are many components that allow us to edit films to an exceptional standard as a pose to back in 1903 when their was a limit to what was possible. A development on different points of view editing shown in current time would be the ability to now do multiple camera actions this is commonly used in action films. Because of the developments of editing now its possible to engage with the audience via using different shots of an ongoing conversations to convey different emotions

local motion poster idea

Part 1

For this assignment I will be compiling together an informative poster for the company that I am working on behalf of local motion. I  aim to provide a colourful poster that will grab peoples attention when boarding public transport . It is statistically proven that when their is  seemingly to much text and the poster doesn't have a vibrant color scheme that not many people will actually take the time out of their day to read the entirety of the poster. For this poster I  think it would be highly beneficial if there were lots of these posters on buses and trains in a bid to appeal to the people that are users to carry on frequently using the service. My idea for this poster would be to try and portray the users to be heroes and let them know how much good they are doing for the environment etc. In the poster it would appeal to users to carry on doing good and using the public transport by listing the benefits of this form of transport and how it outweighs the negatives of travelling by car. Finally in this poster I will be encouraging readers to spread the word of local motion and  of the positives of using public transport as a pose to using a car. In this poster it would be vital that I included the logo into the poster so that it would be made apparent to the people whom are reading it who is promoting this message. By making this it will help spread the name of local motion and also increase the knowledge of the target market  and help them buy into the ideology of local motion. When producing a poster it is integral that a lot of thought goes  into what you want your text to look like once on the page. Their are a variety of typefaces that are to our disposal and for this poster I believe that the times new roman font would be the perfect fit for this poster as it brings a degree of simple efficiency to the poster as the text is simple but it also stands out which is vital for when its on the poster  . With my idea appealing to the people using public transport.

my aim is to capture the attention of the users and to try and get word to spread to other people who opt not to use this service and explain how using this service can benefit them. I feel the backdrop of the background would work well if it was a train  as this showcases the issue that we are trying to sell and it is very relevant to the project . On the poster I aim to bring to attention the positives of using the services that we are suggesting and state the facts on the effects of using other forms of transport such as cars. The poster needs to be very short and snappy because the chances of many people giving the poster their undefined attention is highly unlikely so peoples attention needs to be captured instantly with snappy slogans and typefaces that stand out.


Different types of typefaces 

Serif:  Local motion

Sans serif: Local Motion

Roman : Local Motion

Gothic: Local Motion

As you can see typefaces have a variety of different styles and effect the text in many different ways this is why its absolutely vital to choose the right typeface. Evidently the 2nd and 4th have a more striking impact compared to the 1st and 3rd

Part 2

Their are many types of different images to do with moving trains that all cost a certain price to use like say for example this image of  a train would cost 18 pound for a standard print. The legal repercussions of using this image illegally without paying for it could be very damaging to some companies. This is why i will be sourcing my image from a site that allows me to use the images for free so local motion wont get into trouble for the copyright.












Part 3





firstly i acquired a photo of a moving train off a free site on google  that allowed the images to be sourced  without charge and then cropped it and put it into my poster 



On this screenshot you can see that I have now added the local motion logo to my poster For this photo i needed to save the logo from the local motion website and then once i got it onto my poster i had to use the magic wand tool to rid the image of all the white around and then clicked delete .







Part 4 


I then went on to find the local motion logo on their own website and put it into my poster i had to use the magic wand tool to remove the white bits around the photo and clicked delete . Then i decided to put text on the poster to send out our message i put it in the times new roman font which is the one that i desired from the start.

my script for my film

INT. abandoned warehouse (day)

A cold long day alone in an abandoned warehouse fueled by drug withdrawal for a homeless teen

CLIVE (17) A troubled youth with a bloodcurdling past of drug and alcohol abuse leaving him homeless and trying to kick his habit alone

CLIVE

( asleep on the sofa)

( begin to rock backwards and forwards on the sofa )

( get off the sofa and walk out of shot and then pick up the alcohol prop on the floor and go to drink it )

( urinate against the wall and stagger whilst doing to show a drunken state)
(rocking in  a corner backwards and forwards while hunched up in a ball)
( walk slowly towards a room and once inside gaze through the window and then turn and face camera )
( throw a rock towards the wall and then walk away from the camera with your back to it slowly for approximately 50 yards)

Production diary for my film

Production diary for my film

My short film including one actor and one location will be filmed in an abandoned warehouse giving an exclusive and chilling view of living life homeless sleeping rough in a cold location in the middle of nowhere and the struggles that a person who has nobody to call upon can encounter on a daily basis. I hope that the short film will give an insight into the true loneliness of a person living on the streets and really engage with the audience and give a real sense of emotion.

Week 1

I have reviewed locations for filming and have asked for permission to film on a few peoples premises. I have also began to make a start to the script to give me a good idea of how it will all flow when on set.

week 2

i have competed my script that i needed to write and have found a public piece of land that i am able to film on due to a deal not being able to be forged between the owners of the land i was proposing to film on.

week 3 

I have just recently completed my storyboards so that myself and the crew have a clear indication of what we need to carry out once on set so that the filming of the scene flows and is done with relative ease

week 4

Today i had to carry out a risk assessment to ensure that myself and the crew are going to be in safe hands when filming on set and that all risk factors are weighed up and put into levels of severity helping me take precautions to ensure safety when on set.

Week 5

Today was filming !!! the production was carried out in just under 2 hours and everything went to plan capturing some great shots leaving me excited to piece this work together and see the outcome of such hard work from myself and my crew members .

week 6
nothing much completed this week just ensuring that the footage is in a safe folder and on my desktop ready for future weeks work
week 7
time to edit not one of my strong points within my skill set but piece by piece the work slowly formulated into a fantastic piece of work that I am  very proud  of . the music flowed with the film and the whole film gives off the outlook i wanted it to so overall i am very pleased.

week 8
final checks on the quality and the  audio of the film ensuring that it is to a high enough standard




week 9

the bulk of the work is complete and all that remains is the small task of exporting the finished film.

Adam unit 8 assignment 2

The people who make television and film industry work

Runner

In essence the role of a runner is to basically do as you are told when on set.  The runners jobs vary from set to set it an range from making cups of tea for the crew to running tapes to other neighbouring studios. The job role as a runner is the bottom of the ladder in the tv and film industry a large majority of runners are working on a voluntary basis receiving back valuable experience within the field to then progress on further up the ladder. Being a runner exposes you to meeting directors and producers within the scene and having access to equipment to further your abilities and engage a working relationship with the directors and producers which could stand in good stead for future reference if you proved your worth for reliability punctuality and efficiency .from runner to runner the wage per  annual year varies because some runners are more than happy to complete the work required of them on a voluntary basis however some individuals require pay and on average across the annual year the earnings would vary from around 9 to 10 thousand pound changing from runner to runner.

Producer 
The job of a producer is a very important role that carries a large amount of responsibility they have many jobs to carry out one of  which being overseeing the production of either the tv show or film they are working on. Without the producer it would be impossible to make a show or movie. Other responsibilities that the producer has would usually be to have an understanding of the budget and to manage it efficiently. Without good management from the producer the project would certainly suffer so it's integral that the producer is organised.

Cameraman/camerawomen
This role is a pretty self explanatory one with the individual put In charge simply been given the sole responsibility to capture the footage to a high standard. Even though this role seems like a simple one it is of the utmost importance and needs to be carried out efficiently and correctly. This role is one of the most important within the industry because of their is a fault on the end of the camera operator it could completely destroy the content.

Video editor 
The job role of a video editor is very interesting  because they are responsible for taking the uncut piece of work and adding the creative touch to be able to make it suitable for viewing. The editor will be responsible for adding various things to the footage for example sound effects music and anything else that may be required of them .when watching a film in the cinema or a series on TV a lot of work goes into creating that end prouct and video editors are responsible for cutting down the episode or movie and making the footage suitable for viewing and looking sharp.


Script writer 
This job role is exactly how it sounds when viewing it the role of the script writer is to come up with this idea and put it into effect on paper drawing up very specific  instructions. The script writer would need to set the scene on the piece of paper to help other members of the team produce this piece of work. They would be responsible for giving detailed instructions such as time of the day to shoot if this is necessary with the scene   the actors lines and  the chronological order of the events taking place

Director 
Within the tv and film industry the director is one of the most important members of the team because it is their job to help make sure the producing of the project is managed correctly. It is the directors job to bring the script on a piece of paper to fruition and make it come to life motivating and directing actors exactly what to do. To be a director it is absolutely integral that they posses very strong characteristics such as leadership  to be able to make the production a success.

Creative job roles include the people such as script writers and poster designers these people posses a freedom when carrying out their roles because they're more creative and the script writer can do their job to how they desire it.

Researchers are absolutely vital to the success of a film or tv show because it is their job to  go and collect information from target markets to see if their is a demand for what they are looking to produce. When producing a movie or tv show it is vital that they can find a location that suits the script so people would be put into place to ensure that this was possible and people would source locations. Other people who are highly involved in this area are the finance department they are their to ensure the budget is in a healthy situation and look at what needs to be purchased to cater for the needs of the production.

Organisational jobs are exacrly as they sound the people in production whom are their to cater to the needs of the film or show be it via transporting cast members  to and from the set and helping the cast in the direction to go when on set . Health and safety would also be a huge part of this sector because they would require risk assessments etc to be carried out to ensure the safety of everyone in filming and production.

Management is a part of production that has different levels when going from the top to bottom within the tv and fIlm industry  for example the director would be in charge of managing the cast members and directing them on their jobs. Another aspect of management roles would the accounting department would be responsible for managing the budget the casts salaries  and pretty much looking at the expenditure.

Editorial job roles usually coincide with the post production stage of the project their are many people who are responsible for these editorial roles including the video editors like mentioned previously . Other people who are part of the editorial sector are  the technology staff whom play a massive role in the production  these type of staff members can include riggers camera men and lighting operations and sound engineers etc.

A fixed term contract is a contract that is only scheduled for  certain amount of time and after that both parties will part ways. For example the actors on a certain TV or film set will only be required for a certain amount of time on set so this is where a fixed term contract will come in requiring the actor to only stay a certain amount of time.

For hourly rates this would mean that the employee would be paid on an hourly basis an example of this in the TV and film industry would be people such as camera men, rigger, runners  and editors etc who would be paid hourly on the basis of when they are required.

An irregular work pattern is where an employee is given hours that are after the usual 9 to 5 day job hours . For example actors could be required to work late hours due to the nature of the scene and the conditions that the scene needs. Another example would be runners could be required to work night shifts to deliver tapes to other companies at any given hour due to production companies being open all hours of the day.

Piece work is where an employee is paid on the basis of the piece of work that they are required to carry out for the company. For example somebody in the TV and film industry  that would be required to do piece work could be an artist that is designing a poster for the film the people designing this would be paid based  on the completion of this specific piece of works completion.

Shift work is where employees are given certain shifts that are regular such as a 9 till 5 to carry out job roles that fall into this field would be editors and runners. A runner would be working on a shift basis and would be contracted to a certain amount of hours. 

Freelancing means a self employed individual and example of this within the TV and film industry could be a graphic designer for instance the TV or film company could reach out to the graphic designer and ask if they could  require their services for a certain period of time to produce  a piece of work such as a snappy film poster to catch the attention of the public